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ci2012:wiki:cism
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ci2012:wiki:cism [2012/04/24 00:17] Yifan Yin |
ci2012:wiki:cism [2012/04/24 00:52] (current) |
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| ==== Summary ==== | ==== Summary ==== | ||
| + | Technology are applied everywhere in today's stock market including transactions, analysis, information, etc. The information about the stock market flows much faster than ever. Benefit from the technology improvement, the shortening of the period between a trade being initiated and complete, or the reduction of latency as it is known, is the ultimate aim of any stock exchange worth its salt. | ||
| ==== Definitions ==== | ==== Definitions ==== | ||
| Line 17: | Line 18: | ||
| * Still used in some commodity exchanges | * Still used in some commodity exchanges | ||
| * Mostly replaced by electronic trading | * Mostly replaced by electronic trading | ||
| + | * Day Trading: Buying and selling stocks – typically closing out positions on same day | ||
| + | * Trading on speculation rather than company fundamentals | ||
| + | * Example: Stock priced at $2 (last trade). Day trader bids $2.001 (at front of list of bids). Waits until others ask $2.01. Day trader asks $2.009 (at front of list of asks). Sells. Makes $0.008 profit - $80 (less commissions) on 10,000 shares. Can do this many times in a day. | ||
| + | * Works if stock is not too actively traded or too price-volatile | ||
| + | * Partially responsible for stock bubble in late 90s (dot-com boom) | ||
| ==== Major issues/questions ==== | ==== Major issues/questions ==== | ||
| Line 58: | Line 64: | ||
| * Secondary market | * Secondary market | ||
| * Buying and selling of shares owned by public | * Buying and selling of shares owned by public | ||
| + | |||
| + | === How do I buy stock? === | ||
| + | * Open an account with a stockbroker | ||
| + | * Full-service brokers | ||
| + | * Discount brokers | ||
| + | * You place orders to buy/sell with your broker | ||
| + | * Broker executes trades at the exchange on your behalf | ||
| + | |||
| + | === If I want to buy a stock, what options do I have? === | ||
| + | |||
| + | * Order to buy consists of number of shares and price bid | ||
| + | * Price bid can be actual price (limit) or market (current price asked) | ||
| + | * May bid for partial filling of order or “all-or-nothing” (only buy if I can get all the shares I want at the price I bid) | ||
| + | * Buying on margin uses current holdings as collateral for a loan to buy other stock (more risky) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === If I want to sell a stock, what options do I have? === | ||
| + | * Order to sell consists of number of shares and price asked | ||
| + | * Price asked can be actual price (limit) or market (current price bid) | ||
| + | * May ask for partial filling of order or “all-or-nothing” (only sell if I can sell all the shares I have at the price I ask) | ||
| + | * Selling short is selling shares I don’t (yet) have with the intention of buying those shares when the price drops | ||
| + | * If the price goes up instead of down... oops! | ||
| + | |||
| + | === What's the stockbrokers' role in the transaction? And how they make money? === | ||
| + | * The stock market matches buyers and sellers electronically | ||
| + | * Transactions only happen when a buyer’s bid and a seller’s ask price are the same | ||
| + | * Brokers make money by charging a commission on each trade (typically both buyers and sellers pay) | ||
| + | * Brokers can also make money by aggregating trades | ||
| + | * Seller has large “all-or-nothing” ask and broker has buyers for smaller lot sizes at market | ||
| + | |||
| + | === What are the technology implications in the stock market? === | ||
| + | * Immediate financial settlement | ||
| + | * Before electronic trading, took 5-10 days when buying a stock before you could resell | ||
| + | * Physical stock certificates were often sent to buyers | ||
| + | * Result was less trading volume, more holding stock for longterm investment, and less volatility | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Are there any automated trading system exist? === | ||
| + | Yes. | ||
| + | * Programs make choices to buy and sell stocks for traders Can make decisions to trade and place orders almost instantaneously | ||
| + | * Can cause problems if algorithm bad (1987 stock market crash) | ||
| + | * Benefits large traders, often at expense of small traders | ||
| + | In automated trading milliseconds make a difference. | ||
| + | |||
| + | With algorithms trading, latency in getting price information is a big deal since price changes from time to time in milliseconds. | ||
| ==== Relevant articles ==== | ==== Relevant articles ==== | ||
| + | === Technology Magnifies Errors === | ||
| + | == Mizuho Bank - 2009 == | ||
| + | IPO - ¥610,000/share ($5041/share) of J-COM | ||
| + | Trader wanted to sell 1 share at ¥610,000 | ||
| + | Instead placed order to sell 610,000 shares at ¥1 each | ||
| + | Loss to bank was 3 months profits J-COM ended up being 1/3 owned by Merrill Lynch | ||
| + | Tokyo stock exchange lost 1.72% | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Proctor & Gamble(P&G) – 2010 == | ||
| + | Trader placed order typing ‘b’ instead of ‘m’ (billion vs. million) for number of shares | ||
| + | Share price dropped $61.56 → $39.37 in 20 minutes | ||
| + | NYSE dropped 600 points in 20 minutes (and recovered though still off almost 400 points for the day) | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Is Speed Trader Mark Gorton Killing Wall Street? === | ||
| + | [[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/18/mark-gorton-high-frequency-trading_n_1429935.html]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | The question at the heart of the current debate about high-frequency trading is whether the automation of trading -- and in Tower's case, the ability to maximize profits by executing trades faster than anyone else -- really does make the world better. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Has Computer Trading Made the Stock Market a "Crapshoot"? === | ||
| + | [[http://www.huffingtonpost.com/robert-auerbach/has-computer-trading-made_b_819664.html]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Retail investors should also consider Jim McTague's advice about short-term stock trading: "It has become a shark tank and we are the anchovies." | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Computer-trading worries grow as NYSE builds new datacenter === | ||
| + | [[http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/news/2009/08/nyse-builds-computer-trading-mothership-worries-abound.ars]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | For every technique or technology that comes under the heading of HFT, you can dig up an example of how people did this same thing on a much smaller scale without computers. Therefore, the argument goes, the relatively recent (see below) use of computers to do two orders of magnitude more of these activities in a given timeslice is "nothing new," despite the fact that the computers are now doing this among themselves without human intervention. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === A Major Problem with the Modern Day Stock Market === | ||
| + | [[http://prairieecothrifter.com/2011/08/major-problem-modern-day-stock-market.html]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | Investors should have learned this from the stock market crash in 2008, that there is a major flow in the modern stock markets. That flaw lies in computer algorithms and trading. | ||
| ==== Discussion Questions ==== | ==== Discussion Questions ==== | ||
| + | - Is more technology good in this realm? What are the effects? | ||
| + | - Does the potential for manipulation cause problems? If so, how can we fix so manipulation doesn’t occur? | ||
ci2012/wiki/cism.1335241054.txt.gz · Last modified: 2012/04/24 00:17 by Yifan Yin
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